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28,29 Although highly effective, 30 patients must administer injections of exenatide multiple times a day leading to low patient compliance

However, despite these advantages, the clinical use of native GLP-1 is significantly limited by its short plasma half-life (12 min), owing to rapid enzymatic degradation by DPP-4 and renal clearance

Additional information Peer review information Nature Communications thanks the anonymous reviewer(s) for their contribution to the peer review of this work

Pharmacological inhibition of GIPR with anti-GIPR antibodies prevented BW gain in DIO mice and obese cynomolgus monkeys 33

For many patients, the convenience of a daily oral medication may outweigh the modest difference in weight-loss ceiling between the two formats

Additionally, it is believed that the PPG neurons are not the only source of GLP-1 in the brain, as gut-derived GLP-1 has been implicated in satiety studies to exert its effects on the brain as well [52]