Alterations in the volume of distribution and clearance resulting from other mechanisms of action (eg, reduced fat mass, changes in cytochrome P450 activity, and glomerular filtration rate) are key factors in determining pharmacokinetics
Difficulty Walking and Balance Issues: Severe deficiency may lead to problems with coordination and walking
that is, it becomes metabolically flexible
Antioxidant effect of L-carnitine and its short chain esters: relevance for the protection from oxidative stress related cardiovascular damage
In that 2016 Dachshund article, those authors also pointed out breed differences among LA:Ao measurements, nothing that: "The mean LA:Ao for the clinically normal Dachshunds of the present study was markedly different from the mean LA:Ao for clinically normal CKCSs in another study, even though the body weights for the Dachshunds and CKCSs were similar." So, it appears that both the EPIC Study authors and the 2019 ACVIM consensus panel picked the minimum "all-breed" LA:Ao of 1.6 without any scientific research at all to support it and ignored the research which does exist
Look at healed twelve-month photos and decide with real information