Enhanced resistance to viruses in nicotiana edwardsonii ColumbiaIs dependent on salicylic acid, correlates with high glutathione levels, and extends to plant-pathogenic bacteria and abiotic stress
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Selenium deficiency has been associated with Th2 cell response, whereas higher selenium levels favour Th1 response (193)
Furthermore, in spite of considerable research efforts (Dixon et al., We propose a model describing the diverse roles of plant GSTs in the interactions of plant hosts with pathogenic microbes considering four different plant-pathogen interaction types (Table 1): (1) symptomless resistance (including basal resistance to bacteria and symptomless R gene-mediated resistance to viruses), (2) HR-associated resistance, (3) limiting susceptibility to systemic spread of pathogens and plant cell/tissue death (during infections by hemibiotrophic/necrotrophic fungi, bacteria, and viruses), (4) promoting susceptibility to biotrophic fungi and viruses (maintaining reduced conditions in infected non-necrotic plant tissues)
The third counter is the opportunity-cost argument
The role of bacterial biofilm in antibiotic resistance and food contamination